Compared to traditional fossil energycar, Electric vehicles have the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, quietness, etc., which are valued by governments of various countries and have broad application prospects.
Relative to consumers, it saves money, has good control performance, is quiet, and delivers license plates (hahaha).But the endurance needs to be improved (the key isAccumulator).
But, electric car = electric car?
NO! NO! NO!
Electric cars can be simply understood as "electrically driven cars." But it is not as simple as "electrically driven cars".
The composition of pure electric vehicles
Electric vehicles are mainly composed of electrical and mechanical two parts, including five major systems: electric drive, speed regulation, transmission, driving and braking. Let me introduce you one by one.
1. Electric drive
The electric drive system is the power source of electric vehicles and the heart of electric vehicles. The performance of the electric drive system determines the quality of the entire vehicle.The electric drive system is mainly composed ofElectric motor,Car batteryconstitute.
1. Motor
The electric motor realizes energy conversion and drives the car forward.
There
Compared to traditional fossil energycar, Electric vehicles have the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, quietness, etc., which are valued by governments of various countries and have broad application prospects.
Relative to consumers, it saves money, has good control performance, is quiet, and delivers license plates (hahaha).But the endurance needs to be improved (the key isAccumulator).
But, electric car = electric car?
NO! NO! NO!
Electric cars can be simply understood as "electrically driven cars." But it is not as simple as "electrically driven cars".
The composition of pure electric vehicles
Electric vehicles are mainly composed of electrical and mechanical two parts, including five major systems: electric drive, speed regulation, transmission, driving and braking. Let me introduce you one by one.
1. Electric drive
The electric drive system is the power source of electric vehicles and the heart of electric vehicles. The performance of the electric drive system determines the quality of the entire vehicle.The electric drive system is mainly composed ofElectric motor,Car batteryconstitute.
1. Motor
The electric motor realizes energy conversion and drives the car forward.
There are four main categories of motors used in electric vehicles: DC motors, DC brushless motors, permanent magnet motors and AC asynchronous motors. Among them, AC asynchronous motors and permanent magnet motors have the advantages of high power and easy control, and are gradually becoming the mainstream.
Simply put, the function of the electric motor is to convert the electrical energy of the on-board battery into the mechanical energy for the car to move forward, and electromagnetic induction.
Permanent magnet motor
2. Car battery
On-board batteries provide energy for electric vehicles.
The current application batteries mainly include: lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, air batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and so on.
The following is a comparison of some parameters of a battery
Comprehensive analysis shows that lithium-ion batteries are more suitable for the development trend of electric vehicles. And lithium-ion batteries have also entered some mid-to-high-end electric vehicles.
However, the cost issue of lithium-ion batteries has not yet been well resolved. Therefore, the market price of lithium-ion battery electric vehicles remains high, and the replacement cost is very high (it costs about 10w to replace a complete set of lithium batteries (the old battery can also be replaced with some costs when returned to the manufacturer), while the cost of lead batteries is low too much.)
Lithium-ion high-energy battery
2. Regulation system
Ordinary cars passtransmissionSpeed regulation, very different is that electric vehicles change the speed through the electrical speed regulation system.
The speed regulation system of electric vehicles adopts power electronic frequency conversion technology, by changing the power electronic componentsswitchState, to control the input voltage of the motor, and then control the speed of the car.
Third, the mechanical part
The transmission of electric vehicles is greatly simplified than traditional vehicles.
Electric vehicles generally use two-wheel drive, and the motor directly drives the wheels to move without complicated mechanical transmission devices. Some high-end electric vehicles also use four wheels. Different from the four-wheel drive technology of traditional vehicles, electric vehicles can install a drive motor on each of the front and rear wheels, and use dual motors for four-wheel drive.
The driving system of an electric car is basically the same as that of a traditional car.
existBraking SystemOn the one hand, in addition to traditional mechanical braking, electric vehicles can also use electromagneticBrake. The battery brake can convert the kinetic energy lost when the electric car is decelerating into electric energy to charge the on-board battery, and the reverse direction of the electric motor——Dynamo.
Schematic diagram of electromagnetic brake
4. Summary
The smallest electric car in the world is only a few nanometers (a hair needs 6W nanometers), but it is also full of internal organs, not an electric car!
Therefore, electric cars are more than just "electric cars."
With the continuous development of technology, electric vehicles have increasingly appeared in our lives and have had a profound impact on our lives and travel patterns.
