Car daily maintenance knowledge Daquan

EnginecarThe key parts of the engine should be inspected and maintained carefully. The engine can be used externally.detergentClean it. As for the interior, carbon deposits, impurities, colloids and other wastes will be generated during the work. If you are familiar with the engine, you can open the cover for cleaning, or use a disassembly-free cleaning machine to clean the interior without disassembling. Internal faults should be handed over to the repair shop. 

In normal driving, the water temperature of the engine should be observed when the car is driving. If the water temperature suddenly rises, the reason is mostly due to severe water shortage in the cooling system. At this time, stop immediately, keep the engine idling for a period of time, and then add cooling water. In addition, pay attention to the sound of the engine and the color of the exhaust. The normal water temperature of the engine should be between 80°C and 90°C. Too high or too low water temperature will aggravate the wear and tear of parts, increase fuel consumption, and reduce engine life. For use in winter, the engine water temperature should exceed 50°C.ThermostatIt is an important part to adjust the water temperature. If the water temperature is found to be abnormal, the thermostat should also be checked. The valve of the thermostat is normally open or normally closed, which will cause the engine temperature to be too low or too high.

Clean and replace the third filter: the third filter refers toair filter,Oil filterAnd gasolineFilter, Used for decontamination and cleaning, so timely cleaning will help improve the working environment inside the car body. 

Air filter: The function of the air filter is to filter the air before it enters the cylinder to remove the impurities, dust, sand and other foreign matter entrained in it. 

Under normal circumstances, the cleaning and maintenance interval of the air filter is 6000-8000 kilometers. But sometimes although the replacement time or mileage has not arrived, but the inside of the filter element is already covered with dust or oil, it must be replaced immediately. There are two types of air filters, dry and wet. Most cars use dry air filters. 

Oil filter: Its function is to remove various impurities in the oil to ensure the normal lubrication system. The oil filter can be replaced together with the oil when changing the oil.Note: When installing a new filter element, do not use a filterwrenchTighten it too tightly to prevent damage.  If the oil filter is clogged, it should be replaced or the dirty filter element should be washed, and dried before reuse. If the filter gasket is damaged and leaks oil, it should be replaced, or the original gasket shape should be cut out with a cloth of equivalent thickness. 

Gasoline filter: The replacement interval is generally 30,000 kilometers.

Inspection and maintenance of cooling system:

Water tank: To check the water tank, just look at whether the water volume of the auxiliary water tank is between the upper and lower limits. There is a rubber gasket in the main water tank cover, which has the function of preventing high-pressure water vapor leakage. If the gasket has lost its elasticity and is hardened, please replace it immediately. Clean the water tank and cooling pipeline. It is best to use clean soft water for car engine cooling water.The method of softening hard water is to dissolve 40 grams of caustic soda in 1 liter of water, then add 60 liters of water, and then filter the solution and inject itheat sinkmiddle. 

antifreezeUse: The main component of the antifreeze is ethylene glycol, which is alkaline, the PH value is mostly between 7.5 and 11, the freezing point should be lower than -25 ℃, the boiling point should be higher than 106 ℃, and the validity period is generally 1 to 2 years. The engine coolant should be replaced every two years when the car is driven. 

Pay attention to the following issues when using antifreeze:

1. Different brands of antifreeze use different metal corrosion inhibitors, so different brands of antifreeze cannot be mixed. 

2. For vehicles using antifreeze, do not directly add tap water. Distilled or deionized water should be added. If there are no conditions, it is better to add cold boiled water than tap water. If the antifreeze is lost due to leakage, the same brand of antifreeze should be added. Antifreeze should be used in all seasons. The method of using tap water in summer is unscientific and it is not worth the gain. 

3. A small amount of flocculent precipitation will appear after some antifreeze is stored for one year. This phenomenon is mostly caused by the precipitation of additives and does not need to be thrown away. If there is a large amount of particle precipitation, it indicates that the antifreeze has deteriorated and can no longer be used. 

4. Another key to choosing antifreeze is to ensure safety. The high-grade antifreeze fluid has the functions of anti-corrosion, anti-scaling, anti-boiling, anti-freezing, anti-rust, etc., and can also protect the water tank very well. It can be used all year round. The appearance of high-quality antifreeze should be clear and transparent, with eye-catching color, and no peculiar smell. Some inferior antifreezes do not have the function of anti-freezing and preventing boiling at all. Although some antifreezes have qualified freezing and boiling points, they are corrosive and can The water tank and pipeline "bite" riddled with holes, affecting driving. 

Inspection and maintenance of thermostat:

1. The failure of the thermostat will cause the engine to heat up slowly and the temperature will be low when driving at low speeds. This phenomenon is especially prominent in winter. The apparent feature caused by the thermostat valve not opening is that the upper water chamber of the water tank is hot and the lower water chamber is very cold. It should be checked and replaced at this time. 

2. In progresscooling systemWhen maintaining, pay attention to cleaning the scale and dirt on the thermostat. If it is found to be damaged, it should be replaced in time.

Ignition coilsPrecautions for the use of the ignition coil: If the ignition coil is used improperly, the ignition coil will be damaged. Therefore, the following points should be paid attention to: prevent the ignition coil from heating or damp; do not open the engine when the engine is not runningIgnition Switch; Frequently check, clean, and fasten circuit connectors to avoid short circuits or grounding; control engine performance to prevent excessive voltage;Spark plugDo not "hang the fire" for a long time; the moisture on the ignition coil can only be dried with a cloth, and must not be baked with fire, otherwise it will damage the ignition coil.

Maintenance of spark plug:

The function and characteristics of the spark plug: The function of the spark plug is to introduce the pulsed high voltage electricity generated by the ignition coil into the combustion chamber, and use the electric spark generated by the electrode to ignite the mixture to complete the combustion. The model of the domestic spark plug consists of three parts of numbers or letters. The front number indicates the thread diameter. For example, the number 1 indicates that the thread diameter is 10mm. The letter in the middle indicates the length of the spark plug screwed into the cylinder; the last digit indicates the hot type of the spark plug: 1-3 are hot type, 5, 6 are Medium-sized, cold type above 7 is used.The "gap" of the spark plug is its main working technical index. If the gap is too large, the ignition coil andDistributorThe generated high-voltage electricity is difficult to skip, which makes it difficult to start the engine; if the gap is too small, it will cause weak sparks and electric leakage. 

Inspection of spark plug:

1. Disassembly: Disassemble the high-voltage branch line on the spark plug in turn, and mark the original position to avoid dislocation of installation. During disassembly, please remove the dust and debris from the spark plug hole in advance to prevent debris from falling into the cylinder. When disassembling, use the spark plug sleeve to cover the spark plug, rotate the sleeve to remove it, and arrange them in sequence. 

2. Check: The normal color of the electrode of the spark plug is off-white. If the electrode burns black and there is carbon deposit, it indicates that there is a fault.During inspection, the spark plug can be connected to the cylinder body, using the centerHigh-voltage lineTouch the terminal of the spark plug and turn on the ignitionswitch, Observe the high voltage jump position. If the electric jump position is in the spark plug gap, it means that the spark plug is working well, otherwise, it needs to be replaced.

The adjustment of the spark plug electrode gap: the spark plug gap of various models is different, generally should be between 0.7-0.9, check the gap size, you can use a spark plug gauge or a thin metal sheet.If the gap is too large, it can be usedscrewdriverTap the outer electrode with the handle to make the gap normal; if the gap is too small, you can use a screwdriver or a metal piece to insert the electrode and pull it outward.

Replacement of spark plugs: spark plugs are consumable parts. Generally, they should be replaced after driving 20000-30000 kilometers. The sign of spark plug replacement is no flashover, or the discharge part of the electrode is round due to ablation. In addition, if spark plugs often accumulate carbon and lose fire during use, it is generally because the spark plug is too cold and needs to be replaced with a hot spark plug; if there is a hot ignition phenomenon or an impact sound in the cylinder, a cold spark plug should be used. 

Clean the spark plug: the spark plug should be cleaned in time if there is oil or carbon deposits, but do not use a flame to grill. If the porcelain core is damaged or broken, it should be replaced.

Maintenance of distributor:

Cleaning: usually wipe with a ragDistributor coverandSplit fire head, And check for damage or cracks. If the carbon rod or spring of the central electrode is damaged or fails, the distributor cover should be replaced.  Contact grinding: After a period of use, the surface of the distributor’s contacts will appear uneven, which will affect the ignition timing, or the electric spark will be poor, or the engine idling will be unstable, poor acceleration, or even unable to start. At this time, sandpaper should be used for sanding until the ablation marks on the contacts are removed. 

Adjustment of contact gap: use the starter handle to turn the engineCrankshaft, Then loosen the fixing screw, insert a thick sheet of appropriate thickness (0.35～0.45mm) between the contacts, use a screwdriver to turn the adjustment screw, push and pull the thickness gauge, feel a little resistance as it is suitable, then tighten the fixing screw and check again .

Air-conditioning maintenance: The air-conditioning maintenance interval is one year or as needed. At present, the air conditioners used in vehicles are generally of single-cooling open type, and the refrigerant is mostly Freon.

Check whether the refrigerant is leaking: You can judge whether the refrigerant is leaking by observing the inspection window.

The method is: start the engine, turn on the refrigeration switch, turn the temperature switch to the "cold" position, and setfanSwitch to the maximum. At this time, you can observe from the glass window at the upper end of the liquid storage tank.If nothing is seen or bubbles are flowing, it means that the refrigerant is leaking; observe the air conditionercompressorIf the working frequency is faster than before, it may be due to insufficient fluorine; the last and most professional method is to go to a professional fluoride shop to test the high pressure and low pressure of the air conditioner. If the high pressure and low pressure do not meet the requirements, fluorine needs to be added.

Adding fluoride: The original air conditioner generally needs to add fluoride in about 3 years. If leakage occurs and the air conditioning effect is weakened, fluorine needs to be supplemented.

Daily maintenance and maintenance: should be maintained frequentlyCondenserThe exterior is clean and ventilated, otherwise the cooling effect will be greatly reduced. Air-conditioning systems are generally equipped with circulating ventilation filter devices and refrigerant storage dryers, so they must be cleaned in time and regularly replaced during maintenance.

Precautions during driving:

In the case of sun exposure, if the temperature inside the car is too high, all car windows should be opened first. It is not advisable to turn on the air conditioner to drive the heat immediately after getting in the car. If possible, all the doors should be opened. After a few minutes, the door can be closed and the car can be driven on the road after the engine has warmed up. When the car is parked for a long time, the engine should be maintained at a high idle speed to facilitate cooling. When driving uphill, if the load is too heavy, the engine will overheat. 

The inlet control of some air conditioners has two control positions: Fresh (FRESH) and Recirculation (RECTRC). If the car is driving on a dusty road, the air inlet should be controlled at the recirculation position to prevent dust from entering the car.

Do your own maintenance

Daily maintenance content

Visual inspection Before leaving the car, look around the car to see if the lighting device is damaged, whether the body is tilted, whether there is any leakage of oil, water, etc.; check;tireThe appearance of the vehicle; check the condition of the door, engine compartment cover, management compartment cover and glass.

Signal device check to turn on the ignition switch key (do not start the engine), check the lighting conditions of the alarm lights and indicator lights, start the engine to check whether the alarm lights are normally extinguished and the indicator lights are still on.

Check the fuel oil. Check the instructions on the fuel gauge and replenish the fuel.

Weekly maintenance content

tireAir pressure: Check and adjust the tire pressure and clean up the debris on the tire. Don't forget to check the spare tire.

Engine and various oils: check the fixation of each part of the engine, check whether there is oil leakage or water leakage on each joint surface of the engine; check and adjustbeltTightness; check the fixation of the pipes and wires of each part; check the supplementary oil; check the supplementary coolant; check the supplementary electrolyte; check the supplementary powerSteering machineOil; clean the surface of the radiator; add windshield glass cleaning fluid, etc.

Cleaning: Clean the interior of the car and clean the exterior of the car.

Monthly maintenance content external inspection

Check the car, check the damage of the bulb and lampshade; check the fixing of the car body accessories; check the condition of the rear mirror.

Tires: Check the wear of the tires and clean the luggage compartment; replace the tires when approaching the wear mark of the tires, and check whether the tires have bulges, abnormal major wear, aging cracks, and hard injuries.

Cleaning and waxing: Thoroughly clean the interior of the car; clean the surface of the water tank, the surface of the oil radiator and the surface of the air-conditioning radiator.

Chassis: Check whether the chassis has oil leakage. If there are traces of oil leakage, check the gear oil volume of each assembly and make appropriate supplements, and perform adequate grease filling operations on all the oil nozzles of the chassis.

Other: Repeat the weekly maintenance carefully.

Semi-annual maintenance content

Engine exterior: clean the exterior of the engine, and pay attention to the waterproof treatment of the electrical parts when cleaning. If the electrical parts have high requirements for waterproofing, avoid using high-pressure and high-temperature water guns to wash the engine. You can use a brush moistened with a cleaning agent to clean the surface of the engine.

Distributor: Wipe the dirt in the distributor cover with a clean rag, remove the dirt at the distributor contact, eliminate the ablation marks of the contact, and check the high-speed contact gap or electronicsIgnition systemThe gap between the magnetic poles, lubricate the lubrication points of the distributor.

Three-filter oil: Use compressed air to blow off the dust on the air filter; replace it in due courseFuel FilterAnd clean the filter screen of the pipe joint; replace the oil and the oil filter.

For domestic cars, the coarse oil filter, fuel pre-filter and centrifugal fine filter should also be cleaned.

Battery: checkAccumulatorWhether the terminal part is corroded, wash the surface of the battery with hot water to remove the corrosive material on the battery terminal. Measure and adjust the specific gravity of the battery electrolyte.

Coolant: Check the supplementary coolant and clean the surface of the water tank.

tireWheel hub: Check the tire wear and change the tires. Check the pre-tightening of the wheel hub and bearing, and adjust the pre-tightening if there is a gap.

Braking System：Check and adjust the working stroke of the hand brake lever; check and adjust the drum handBrakeShoe clearance; check the adjustment footBrake pedalFree travel; check the wear of the wheel brake shoe, if it reaches the wear mark, replace the brake shoe; check and adjust the wheel brake shoe gap; check the supplementary brake fluid, etc.

Tightening: Check the tightness of important bolts or spirals of the chassis, especiallysteering systemIf the important bolts and spirals are found to be loose or defective, they should be tightened.

Chassis: Check the piping of each part of the chassis to see if there is any leakage, check all the metal connecting rods, and check whether the rubber bushings are damaged, and lubricate all the lubrication points of the chassis.

Lighting: Check and repair car lights, check and maintain refrigeration and heating devices, clean audio systems, etc.

Annual maintenance content

Ignition timing: Check and adjust the ignition timing of the automobile engine. It is best to check and adjust the fuel supply timing of the diesel engine to a repair shop.

ValveClearance: For engines equipped with ordinary valves, check the high-speed valve clearance.

Clean and lubricate: Clean the oil stains of the hinged mechanism of the engine compartment cover, the door and the luggage compartment, readjust and lubricate the above-mentioned mechanisms.

Maintenance content every two years

Antifreeze: The general service life of antifreeze is two years. By then, the antifreeze should be replaced during annual maintenance and the cooling system should be thoroughly cleaned.

Brake system: Due to the hygroscopicity of the brake system, the brake fluid is replaced every two years.