F1 technical knowledge

F1 technical knowledge

F1 is Formula One, it represents the world’s topcarMatch

F1 is the abbreviation of "FIA Formula one World Championship" in English, and its Chinese literal translation is "Formula One World Championship". People may not understand the formula (Formula), where the formula means that the vehicles participating in the competition are manufactured in accordance with strict rules and standards, and it must follow strict rules and requirements in the competition.

F1 cars are manufactured and participated in the competition under a set of system rules set by the International Automobile Federation (FIA). And "1" means that the level of the series of events is level one. Because in addition to F1, there are other formula races of different levels: for example, F3, F3000 (F2), Formula BMW, Formula Renault, etc., they all belong to formula cars; they just have different rules and requirements. F1 is the highest-level formula car developed by the FIA, so it is named after F1.

F1 is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, that is, the International Automobile Federation-FIA, referred to as FIA for short; he is French: Federation InternatioThe abbreviation of nale de l'Automobile, the chairman of the association is Max Mosley. FIA is mainly responsible for the formulation of competition rules. The F1 movement is operated by the FOM (Formula One Management) Formula One Management Committee; FOA’s CEO is Bernie Ecclestone, headquartered in London, England. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:38 PM F1 has a long history, first started in 1950

The Formula One Grand Prix started from the FIA ​​World Championship (The FIA ​​World Championship) organized by the FIA ​​in 1950. The world's first F1 Grand Prix was held at the Silverstone circuit in the United Kingdom. , The specifications of the participating vehicles are based on the rules promulgated in 1947. The maximum engine displacement is 4500cc non-supercharged engine or 1500cc supercharged engine.

The first (1950) F1 Grand Prix had seven races. The championship was won by Giusep pe Farina in Alfa Romeo. He was the first F1 world champion in the world. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:42 PM FIA, the FIA ​​Mosley, served as chairman

FIA, the International Automobile Federation, referred to as the FIA; its full English name is Federation Internationale de 1'Automobile. The organization was established on June 20, 1904. It was initiated by several European countries including France, the United Kingdom, and Germany. It is headquartered in Switzerland and its official languages ​​are French and English. Moseley serves as the chairman.

FIA is a non-profit organization that represents 150 national car driving organizations in 117 countries on five continents. The FIA ​​is divided into two parts: the sports department and the touring car department.

Sports Department: Responsible for managing all forms of motor sports in the world, including the F1 competition, which attracts more than 5 billion TV viewers every year, as well as the F3000 competition, station wagon (GT) competition, World Rally Championship, karting, etc. According to the applications of various countries, the FIA ​​arranges nearly 800 various car races in about 80 countries in the world every year.

Department of Travel and Automobile: Responsible for coordinating road traffic safety, environmental protection, consumer protection, organization of related activities and travel affairs.

micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:42 PM F1 English terminology

1. Grand Prix: The transliteration is "Grand Prix", which is the most widely used name in Hong Kong and Taiwan; now the widely accepted Chinese name is "Grand Prix". The first game called the "Grand Prix" was held in Le Mans, France in 1906.

2. Championship points (Championship points): F1 race scores are assessed by the FIA ​​based on the results of each race, and are divided into driver points and team points. The former is based on the driver’s ranking after each race: 10 points for the first place, 8 points for the second place, 6 points for the third place, 5 points for the fourth place, 4 points for the fifth place, 3 points for the sixth place, and 3 points for the sixth place. Seven places have 2 points and eighth place has 1 point. The team's points are calculated by adding up the points of its drivers.

3. Chassis: The chassis is the most basic structure of a racing car, including basic components such as the underbody structure and suspension system. It is usually the source of the number for a car.

4. Cockpit: The area where F1 drivers ride. It is tailor-made according to the driver's body shape. But as the third car of the team, it cannot take into account the body shape of the two drivers, so it is usually designed according to the body shape of the first driver of the team.

6. Constructor: Also called the team, the manufacturer of Formula One racing refers to the manufacturer of the body and chassis. There are now ten manufacturers in the F1 car world, namely: Ferrari, Williams, McLaren , Anglo American, Renault, Sauber, Jordan, Toyota and Minardi. Usually the name of the manufacturer of the body and chassis is placed in front of the engine manufacturer, such as BAR-HONDA. In F1, the glory of the team championship is awarded to the body and chassis manufacturer.

7. Downforce: Its purpose is to make the high-speed racing car be firmly pressed on the track to ensure the cartireHave sufficient adhesion.Downforce passes through the car’s body, front wing andTailThe unique design and so on are realized by interacting with the high-speed air flow. It usually keeps improving as the speed of the car increases.

8. Grid: The starting position of the finals is determined according to the results of the qualifying. The specific arrangement method is arranged in two rows in a zigzag pattern, and the absolute distance between the front and rear two cars is 8 meters.

9. Qualifying: Refers to the game that determines the starting order of the drivers before the final. It is usually held in two stages, namely the first stage and the second stage. The starting sequence of the first stage starts from high to low by the number of points the drivers have before the race, while the starting sequence of the second stage starts from poor to good results in the first stage. The results of the second stage determine the starting order of the race.

10. Pole Position (Pole Position): Also called the starting; the driver who starts in the first row is called the pole position. He is the driver with the best results in the second stage of qualifying on the weekend.

11. Hairpin: refers to a 180-degree turn back.

12. Chicane: The Chinese literal translation of this English word means "swindle", but in the F1 area it refers to the continuous corners set on the straight to reduce the speed of the car.

13. Paddock: Located near the starting point of the Grand Prix circuit, this is the team management, rest area andTransporterWhere to park the car.

14. Pits: The place where the team places the cars and debugs the cars before the race and completes pit stops during the race. This is the core place for the team's work on the weekend.

15. Starting Grid: Arrange the starting positions of the drivers according to the results of the drivers in the qualifying competition, which are arranged in two rows and crossed.

16. Wind Tunnel: The wind tunnel is used to develop aerodynamics kits for racing cars. Its purpose is to have the smallest air resistance while ensuring that the racing cars get enough downforce to increase the speed of the racing cars and improve the speed of driving at high speeds. stability. The wind tunnel requires huge energy and sophisticated electronic equipment to operate, so it is extremely expensive.

17. Pit Crew: Refers to all engineering technicians responsible for the work of the fleet in the pit lane.

18. Pit Lane: The way for cars to enter the pit lane from the track and back to the track. The pit lane is the only place on the track where there is a strict speed limit. The speed is limited to 80-120 kilometers per hour, depending on the difference. There are different rules depending on the track. For example, Monaco has a narrow track and the pit lane has a fixed speed of 60 kilometers per hour.

19. Pit Stop: Refers to the process in which the driver pits during the race to complete the refueling and changing tires. The timing and number of pit stops are an important strategy for each team's competition.

20. Race Number: The number code of the car that each driver drives. It is compiled by the FIA ​​before the race based on the driver's ranking of the driver in the previous year. The technical requirement for this number is that it must be clearly displayed on the nose and sides of the car body, with a height of at least 25 mm. According to European custom, the number 13 will not be used.

21. Safety Car (Safety Car): Its function is to lead the car on the track to drive slowly when an accident occurs during the race. The current safety car usually hasBenzThe company provides that its drivers are experienced professional drivers. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:44 PM F1 flags are colorful and each flag has its own secrets

F1 racing cars have different characteristics from other sports events. One of them is that the signal messages are expressed and transmitted through different colored flags during the race. The following is a detailed explanation of the specific meanings expressed by the different colored flags:

1. Yellow flag: There is a dangerous situation on the track ahead, such as a car crash or a car with a mechanical failure. The driver must be very careful and be prepared to slow down. If the vehicle has parked on the side of the road, or the obstacle is no longer on the track, the yellow flag will be flat. But if the accident happens to be on the track, or there is debris on the track, the yellow flag will be waved.

If the accident has caused a traffic jam, two yellow flags will be waved. Overtaking under the yellow flag is not allowed. In case the driver does not notice the yellow flag, it will be very dangerous to come to the scene of the accident at the speed of the race. Therefore, drivers who fail to comply with the regulations will be severely punished and may even be disqualified.

2. Red and yellow striped flag: It means that the surface of the track ahead is slippery and there may be oil on the road. When this flag appears, the driver must pass carefully.

3. White flag: It means that there is a slow car on the track ahead. It may be an ambulance, a crane, or even the FIA ​​Safety Car. When this flag appears, the driver must be careful and be prepared to slow down.

4. Red flag: It means that the race or the stage is withdrawn early. This flag will appear in the audience. When the driver sees the red flag, he must enter the Pit after the lap and wait for the order to restart or stop.

5. Green flag: indicates that the situation is relieved and the driver can resume the race speed or surpass the opponent.

6. Blue flag: It means that there is a faster vehicle approaching behind and is ready to overtake. If you see a waving blue flag, the driver in front must give way to the faster driver behind. If the blue flag’s warning is ignored for three times, the driver who does not give way will be sentenced to a penalty of 10 seconds.

7. Black flag: indicates that the driver who has been warned of misbehavior or fouls on the track must return to Pit immediately after the lap is completed. This flag will appear at the start and finish points along with the car number, and the driver will be warned They may be disqualified or may be punished with additional time.

8. Red circle flag on black background: It means that the assembly believes that the vehicle being warned of the driver has a mechanical failure, which may cause danger. You must return to Pit immediately after the lap is completed. This flag will appear at the start and finish points along with the car number. Unless the vehicle is repaired, the driver will not be warned to return to the field.

9. Checkered flag: The waving checkered flag indicates that the race or stage is withdrawn. The driver must return to the Pit immediately and enter the paddock. The car will be checked for compliance. This flag will be waved to the champion driver, and will not move to other drivers who pass the finish line. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:45 PM To become an F1 driver, you must first obtain an F1 Super Driving License

To become an F1 driver, you must have an F1 driver's license in addition to excellent driving skills and a strong physique. The F1 driver's license is a special driver's license issued by the FIA. Its English name is "FIA super licence", which is the FIA ​​super driver's license. This kind of driver's license is only issued to drivers who have outstanding performance in F3000 (F2), F3 or CART series of events; currently there are less than 100 drivers in the world who have this kind of super driver's license.

micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:47 PM F1 Contest is based on points to judge heroes, only the top eight drivers have the right to get points

The F1 Grand Prix's points system is an important basis for judging the annual team and driver championships, and it is also the primary method for ranking annual rankings. It is divided into team points and driver points.

The specific points calculation method is based on the ranking of the drivers at the end of each race. The top eight drivers with the final scores are selected. The points they earn from high to low are 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, the team's points are obtained by adding up its two drivers. According to this principle, the annual points of the drivers are the sum of the points obtained at each station, and the same is true for the teams. By the end of the Grand Prix, the driver with the highest points score is the annual champion driver, and the car with the highest points score is the annual team championship, or manufacturer's championship. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:48 PM F1 competition lighting logos are complex and varied in color

The lighting command device for the F1 race is set up in front of the starting area. It not only has the function of announcing the start, but also conveys various information through changes in lighting. The details are as follows:

Cars enter the field:

1. Four sets of red lights are on: 5 minutes before the warm-up lap: the starting point is closed. Drivers who are still on the track or in the pit lane can only start from the pit lane, and their positions will be vacated.

2. Three sets of red lights are on: 3 minutes before the start of the tyre warming lap: only technicians and competition staff can stay on the court.

3. Two sets of red lights are on: 1 minute before the start of the warming lap: the engine starts, and the technicians and racing personnel must retreat outside the starting area.

4. A group of red lights are on: 30 seconds before the start of the tyre warming lap

5. Five green lights are on: the tyre warming lap begins. After the tyre warming lap is completed, each driver returns to his position and waits for the start.

Starting: the red lights light up in sequence from left to right

1. A group of red lights are on: 5 seconds down

2. Two sets of red lights on: count down 4 seconds

3. Three groups of red lights on: count down 3 seconds

4. Four groups of red lights on: count down 2 seconds

5. Five groups of red lights on: count down 1 second

6. Five groups of red lights are extinguished at the same time: starting, the race officially begins.

Special situation:

Failed to enter the field: it happened before the vehicle entered the field before positioning

1. The yellow light flashes until the new start time is confirmed, usually after 15 minutes.

2. The red light flashes twice 10 minutes before the entry time is confirmed

Start failure: occurred before preparing to start

1. In the event of an emergency that affects the start, the yellow light flashes at this time. If the red light starts to countdown, it will freeze immediately and stop the countdown, usually after 5 minutes. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:51 PM F1 helmets are extremely high-tech, all for safety considerations

As one of the most important safety facilities worn by F1 drivers, although the helmet maintains the most intimate contact with the audience, the large amount of cutting-edge technology it contains is not well known; here we will explore it.

The role of F1 helmets

The main functions of F1 helmets are twofold: First, to protect the safety of the driver, mainly to ensure the driver’s head safety in the event of an impact; Second, to ensure the good aerodynamic effect of the car; because the F1 car is an open cabin design, so The driver’s helmet is an important part of the aerodynamics of the F1 car; therefore, when designing the helmet, the technician must ensure that it meets many safety indicators without destroying the overall aerodynamic effect of the car, which is the primary starting point for the design of the appearance of the helmet. It is functionality, not pure beauty.

Material composition of F1 helmet

F1 helmets are mainly composed of three materials, they are: carbon, Kavlar fiber and polyethylene. The use of these three materials has its own specific purposes: the introduction of carbon is mainly for reinforcement and to ensure the high strength requirements of the helmet; the role of Kavlar fiber is to prevent fire; and the purpose of the use of polyethylene is to keep the helmet even In the case of a wide range of temperature changes, no deformation occurs.

The functional structure of F1 helmets (F1 helmets are divided into seven parts according to their functions):

1. Goggles

Goggles are transparent lenses that can rotate upwards on the front of the helmet. According to the safety requirements of the FIA, it must be able to withstand the impact of small particles flying at speeds of up to 500 km/h on the track. The inner surface of the goggles is coated with a special anti-fog material and a lighter transparent color. Its function is to prevent visual misleading caused by the changes in the light on the track and to distinguish clearly the changes in the conditions on the track. During the design process, the engineers also minimized the optical distortion (the optical distortion of the goggles means that because the goggles itself is a smooth spherical surface, the driver’s sight will change the shape of the objects seen when passing through it. Distortion). In addition, there is another important facility on the goggles-the adhesive tape. Its function is that when the outside of the lens is affected by the adhesion of dust or rain, the rider can tear it off to obtain a clear again. In sight, what we saw during the race was the adhesive tape that the driver tore off with his hands. One end of the rubber strip is usually rolled up and has a small circular hole, so that it can be easily torn off by riders wearing thick gloves. In addition, this kind of rubber strip is usually more than one layer, and the rider can repeatedly Tear off to get a clear line of sight.

2. Shell

The outer shell is the largest part of the helmet, and it is also the strongest part of the helmet; its strength index will be directly related to the protection of the driver's safety. To this end, the shell must pass two tests: the first is strength, that is, it must be able to withstand the huge cone force of a 3 kg metal cone falling from a height of 3 meters, and ensure that it will not be pierced. The second is the fire test. The outer shell of the helmet must be able to burn in a flame of 800 degrees Celsius for 45 seconds.

3. Radio

The radio is the driver’s only communication tool on the track. Its role is to ensure timely communication between the driver and the team during the intense competition. For example, when the racing enginecooling systemIn the event of a failure, fromsensorAfter analyzing the data, the team center that collects the data can use radio to inform the driver what to do next-whether to slow down and continue the race or enter the battle as soon as possible; otherwise, the driver will most likely be due to an engine blowout. And quit the game. The radio microphone on the F1 helmet is installed next to the driver’s mouth to facilitate communication and use; its weight must not exceed 80 grams.

4. Fixing screws

The fixing screw is usually the rotating shaft of the goggles, and its function is to fix the goggles. In terms of design, the requirement of the fixing screws is to allow the goggles to be replaced as quickly as possible. In addition, the height of the fixing screws protruding from the outer layer of the helmet must not exceed 2 mm.

5. Ventilation holes

The through hole has two functions, one is to ingest enough oxygen for the rider to breathe, and the other is to help the rider's head heat dissipation and ensure the comfort of his head. These through holes distributed in different parts of the helmet can convey air into the helmet at a speed of 5 liters per minute. And the inner layer of these through holes is also equipped with a filter to prevent carbon particles, fuel or other foreign matter from flying into the helmet.

6. Drinking water hose

As we all know, in a race, the driver will consume a lot of physical energy, the most direct manifestation is dehydration, so the driver can absorb a small amount of water during the race will be essential to ensure the driver's good physical fitness. This is especially true on racetracks with hot weather. For example, in the Malaysian races every year, the temperature is often as high as 30 degrees, and the drivers must wear thick fire-resistant racing suits for safety. The actual temperature of their body will be as high as four or five. At ten degrees, the role of the drinking water system is even more important at this time. The drinking hose of the F1 helmet is usually inserted from the front of the helmet's mouth to facilitate the rider's drinking during the race.

7. HANS (Head and Neck Protection System)

This system is mandatory for the introduction of safety rules this year. Its principle is very simple, that is, a carbon bracket is stuck on the driver’s shoulder and the upper end is fixed to the helmet; this way, when the front of the car is hit, it will greatly reduce the impact on it. Possible injury to the driver’s neck. This simple safety system is not a brand new thing, but an old game that has been used for many years in the Indy races in the United States. It was only further improved when the F1 race was introduced. When this system was just promoted at the beginning of this year, many drivers were opposed to it. Their reason was that this thing was too uncomfortable to wear and couldn't compete at all. But the deliberate Max Mosley (FIA Chairman) persisted; no, isn't it possible to race like before! Perhaps most drivers still don’t like this thing, but for Alonso and Ferman, I’m afraid it’s time to thank Mosley, because this system ensures that the former will not be affected in this year’s race. , And it is the same system that minimizes the damage of the latter in the accident.

New trends in the development of F1 helmet technology

Schuberth, an internationally renowned automotive sports helmet production brand, has always had close technical cooperation relationships with Ferrari and Williams teams, and these two teams are now using the brand's products. Especially at the beginning of this year, the brand new helmet Schuberth RK1 specially provided by Schuberth for Schumacher has attracted great attention from the FIA. It has huge innovations in safety technology, and its performance is not much different from that of the helmets used by pilots. The gap, of course, the price is also extraordinary (this technology has been reported in detail in the 174th issue of this newspaper, so I won’t repeat it here), and now Schuberth has developed another one at the request of the Williams team. Revolutionary helmet technology-HMD (Helmet Mounted Display) helmet display, its functional concept is similar to the first used in fighter aircraft head up display (HUD), its specific function is to according to the most important information in the game The instruction requires that it be displayed on the goggles on the front of the helmet, but it does not affect the line of sight in the slightest. At present, the specific situation of this technology has not been announced. It is not difficult to imagine that once it is put into use, it will bring another revolution in helmet technology. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:53 PM F1tireUnpredictable formula selection is extremely strict

Since the birth of the F1 race, the matching tires have been racing with the F1 car to this day; in the decades during this period, it has experienced numerous rule improvements and technological revolutions. Nowadays, people have long been accustomed to call it the five magic weapons of the F1 engine, aerodynamic effects, drivers and teams; but even so, no one can accurately tell you what it plays in these five magic weapons. How much weight is the role of ‘s; maybe it’s not necessary at all! However, all of these do not belong to the scope of our discussion today. Here we will only talk about the formula, specifications, types and selection of F1 tires from a technical point of view, which are not known to ordinary people.

Formula for F1 tires

The formula of F1 tires does not use the rubber components of conventional civilian tires, butcarbon fiberAnd titanium alloy composite material. This special material not only has extremely high abrasion resistance, but also can give the tires super grip performance in a very short time, so that the racing car can enter the best state at a surprisingly fast speed; this is unmatched by civilian tires. of.

At the same time, it should be noted that the formula of F1 tires on any two tracks is different. This difference is mainly determined by the roughness (grip) of the track, the temperature of the track and the characteristics of the curve layout of the track. At the same time, as the game progresses, the structure of the tires is also undergoing subtle changes. The material of the outer frame is a complex fabric of nylon and polyester fibers, which makes it able to withstand huge aerodynamic loads (when the speed of the car reaches 250 kilometers per hour, the car body bears more than one ton of downforce) and great longitudinal and Lateral pull, and high-speed impact with the jagged shoulders on the edge of the track.

F1 tire size specifications

According to different working environments, F1 racing tires are mainly divided into two types: dry tires and rain tires. Here we will introduce them separately:

F1 dry tire size specifications: the maximum tire diameter is 660 mm, and the total tread width is less than 380 mm; the tire tread has four longitudinal grooves, which are evenly arranged on the tread, and their minimum depth is 2.5 mm , The distance between the center lines of the grooves is 50 mm. By the way, these four grooves were born in accordance with the requirements of the FIA ​​rules. Their purpose is to reduce the tire's grip performance by reducing the tire's ground contact surface, thereby reducing the speed of the car, and improving the safety factor of the F1 car.

F1 rain tire size specifications: the upper limit of the tire diameter is 670 mm, the total tread width is less than 380 mm, and the land-to-land ratio (the ratio of the tread groove and the tread pattern) of the tire must not be less than 30%. The design of F1 rain tires must be able to discharge the accumulated water in the contacts between the tire tread and the track to the maximum extent; according to professional data, an F1 rain tire can discharge dozens of liters of accumulated water in one second. Such a high drainage efficiency can make the tires get better contact with the ground, prevent the tires from slipping due to the rainwater diaphragm, and allow the car to obtain a good grip, so that the car can be even on a wet track. Can guarantee the highest possible driving speed in order to win the game. At the same time, because the splashing water on the road may affect the aerodynamic effect of the car, especially the downforce, the allowable diameter of F1 rain tires is larger than that of dry tires.

In addition, the FIA ​​introduced a new rain tire usage rule this year: each team can only use one type of rain tire during a race weekend. Generally speaking, this kind of rain tires are suitable for moderate rainfall. The team can only use the full rain tires with the largest displacement when the race director officially announces that the weather conditions for the race are rainy.

Main parameters and specifications of F1 tires for the 2003 season

Tire type maximum diameter tire total width

Minimum Maximum

Front wheel, rear wheel, front wheel, rear wheel

Dry tires 660 mm 305 mm 365 mm 355 mm 380 mm

Wet tires 670 mm 305 mm 365 mm 355 mm 380 mm

Note: The tread width of the front tire shall not exceed 270 mm

Working temperature of F1 tires

The working temperature of F1 tires refers to the tire temperature under the condition that the tires obtain the best grip performance. In this regard, dry tires and rain tires are different: the best working temperature of dry tires is 100 degrees Celsius, while rain tires are at 30 degrees Celsius. Between ~50 degrees Celsius. Theoretically, for the car to play the best grip and driving performance, the temperature of the tires should be evenly distributed in the tread, shoulders and grooves, and the temperature of the four tires should be equal.If the temperature of the front tires is too high, the car willsteering wheelThe action of the car will be quite slow, and it is easy to cause the car to understeer on the corner; on the contrary, if the temperature of the rear wheel is high, the tire will be too sensitive to the action of the steering wheel, which will easily cause the car to oversteer on the corner and affect the car. Driving stability on high-speed straight roads.

F1 tire allocation and installation procedures

The tire allocation and installation procedures we mentioned here refer to a series of procedures before the tire manufacturer transfers its developed tires to the team before the race. As we all know, the tires of F1 cars today are tailor-made according to the characteristics of each team's car, suspension adjustment, roll angle and other factors. The two major tire dealers in each race will use four to six super touring cars to transport tires to the team’s work area (the specific time will be on Wednesday or Thursday of each race week), and then they will unload the tires and note which tires belong to Which team. At the same time, the race tires of each driver in each team have a specific production batch number, so they need to be sorted separately; the specific tire sorting work is done by the technical assistant.The next thing is to start installing the tiresWheel hub, This is a set of heavy workload, usually takes two days, because each driver needs to use about ten sets of tires in a race weekend, and this does not include rain tires. Then carry out the inflation adjustment work. Each workshop of the two major tire suppliers has two inflation points; the size of the tire pressure varies from team to team. The value of these tire pressures depends on the chassis settings of the car and the driver’s personal driving preferences, and the tires on the wheels need to be checked for dynamic balance; then a dedicated person will check the serial numbers of the tires (mainly including the tires installed on the left and right sides of the car). , Front and rear serial numbers), formula correspondence, FIA number, etc., to ensure that the tires sent to each driver of each team are accurate. All these tasks must be completed before the free practice session on Friday morning (this is based on the schedule of the 2003 competition, and the 04 season will be changed).

Selection of F1 tires

Before each race, the F1 tire supplier must submit all the technical drawings of the racing tires to be used to the technical director of the FIA; then, the installed and tested tires will be handed over to the team. The team received tires composed of two or more formulas; they must make a choice between them, that is, choose the best formula among them. This task requires a certain risk and must be done on Friday. Completed before a qualifying match. In general, each driver can use 10 sets of tires in a race weekend, corresponding to specifications A or B, but because the driver must choose to abandon one set of tires of one specification and two sets of tires of another specification, so Drivers can actually only use up to 9 sets of tires of the same specification. There is also a rule that each driver can use up to 28 rain tires on a race weekend.

The following is a simulated selection of size A tires:

Time schedule friday saturday sunday

Type of competition: free practice, qualifying, free practice, warm-up, qualifying finals

Tire selection 8 specifications A tire + 4 specifications B tire 16 specifications A tire + 16 specifications B tire 28 specifications A tire + 28 specifications B tire 28 specifications A tire + 28 specifications B tire 4 specifications A Tires 4 A tires used in Saturday qualifying

Note that the 12 tires selected by the drivers are allocated reasonably; the number of tires of the same specification shall not exceed eight. The FIA ​​randomly selects 16 tires from 28 tires. These tires are the only tires that the team can use in Friday's qualifying practice. Twelve of the 40 tires were returned①, and drivers can use up to 28 tires: 4 tires out of 16 tires selected by the A/B FIA. (After qualifying, the team cannot change tires) 24 tires of size A are used for official competitions

①: The tire manufacturer will recycle all the tires used in the F1 racing car and will not be discarded; because it contains a lot of technical secrets. micro-star 2004-3-1, 19:54 PM The formula of F1 fuel and civilian products in the same proportion is far different

The fuel used in Formula One cars is the same as the fuel composition of ordinary civilian cars, and they only differ in the proportion of fuel composition. The following is a comparison of the composition of civil fuel and F1 fuel. Civil vehicle fuel: 3% oxides, 3% naphthenic compounds, 8% unsaturated compounds, 42% aromatic compounds, and 44% paraffin and isoparaffin. F1 racing fuel: 13% of oxides, 3% of naphthenic compounds, 27% of unsaturated compounds, 35% of aromatic compounds, 22% of paraffin and isoparaffin.