An electric vehicle user asks: How can the user use the battery to extend the service life of the battery? Answer: Experienced users know that the cost of batteries is the biggest consumption of electric bicycles, so users are very concerned about extending the service life of batteries. First of all, it must be assumed that there is no problem with the charger, and whether the user uses it correctly is critical to the life of the battery. The precautions for using the battery are as follows: 1. Do not change the charger casually, and do not remove the speed limit of the controller. The chargers of various manufacturers generally have individual requirements. Don't change the charger at will when you are not sure. If the continuation mileage is relatively long, and multiple chargers must be equipped for charging in different places, the chargers that are fully charged during the day should be supplemented with additional chargers, and the original chargers should be used at night. Removing the speed limit of the controller, although it can increase the speed of some cars (Tempo), in addition to reducing the safety of the car, it will also reduce the service life of the battery. 2. Protect the charger. There are instructions on protecting the charger in the general operating instructions. Many users do not have the habit of reading the manual, and often think of looking for the manual except for the problem. It is often too late, so it is very necessary to read the manual first. In order to reduce costs, the current chargers are basically not designed with high vibration resistance. In this way, the chargers are generally not placed in the trunk and basket of the electric bicycle. Under special circumstances, it must be moved, and the charger must be packed with foam to prevent vibration. After many chargers undergo vibration, their internal potentiometers will drift, causing the entire parameters to drift, resulting in abnormal charging status. Another thing to not
An electric vehicle user asks: How can the user use the battery to extend the service life of the battery? Answer: Experienced users know that the cost of batteries is the biggest consumption of electric bicycles, so users are very concerned about extending the service life of batteries. First of all, it must be assumed that there is no problem with the charger, and whether the user uses it correctly is critical to the life of the battery. The precautions for using the battery are as follows: 1. Do not change the charger casually, and do not remove the speed limit of the controller. The chargers of various manufacturers generally have individual requirements. Don't change the charger at will when you are not sure. If the continuation mileage is relatively long, and multiple chargers must be equipped for charging in different places, the chargers that are fully charged during the day should be supplemented with additional chargers, and the original chargers should be used at night. Removing the speed limit of the controller, although it can increase the speed of some cars (Tempo), in addition to reducing the safety of the car, it will also reduce the service life of the battery. 2. Protect the charger. There are instructions on protecting the charger in the general operating instructions. Many users do not have the habit of reading the manual, and often think of looking for the manual except for the problem. It is often too late, so it is very necessary to read the manual first. In order to reduce costs, the current chargers are basically not designed with high vibration resistance. In this way, the chargers are generally not placed in the trunk and basket of the electric bicycle. Under special circumstances, it must be moved, and the charger must be packed with foam to prevent vibration. After many chargers undergo vibration, their internal potentiometers will drift, causing the entire parameters to drift, resulting in abnormal charging status. Another thing to note is to keep the charger ventilated when charging, otherwise it will not only affect the life of the charger, but also may cause thermal drift and affect the charging state. This will damage the battery. Therefore, it is very important to protect the charger. 3. Charge it every day. Even if your continuation capacity is not long, you can use it for 2 to 3 days with a single charge, but it is still recommended that you charge it every day, so that the battery is in a shallow cycle state and the battery life will be prolonged.Some early mobile phone users think that it is best to charge the battery after it is basically used up. This view is wrong. Lead-acidAccumulatorThe memory benefit is not so strong. Frequent discharge has a greater impact on battery life. In most chargers, after the indicator light changes to indicate a full charge, the battery charge may be 97% to 99%. Although only 1% to 3% of the battery is under-charged, the impact on the continuation ability is almost negligible, but under-charge accumulation will also be formed. Therefore, after the battery is fully charged, it is still possible to continue floating charge as much as possible, which is also useful for suppressing battery vulcanization. have benefits. 4. Charge in time. The vulcanization process began after the battery was discharged, and obvious vulcanization appeared after 12 hours. Charging in time can remove the less serious vulcanization. If not charging in time, these vulcanized crystals will accumulate and gradually form coarse crystals. General chargers are powerless to these coarse crystals, which will gradually cause a decrease in battery capacity and shorten the battery capacity. The service life of the battery. Therefore, in addition to daily charging, we must also pay attention to charging as soon as possible after use, so that the battery power is as full as possible. 5. Regular deep discharge. A regular deep discharge of the battery is also conducive to "activating" the battery, which can slightly increase the battery's capacity. The general method is to fully discharge the battery periodically. The method of full discharge is to ride the bike under normal load conditions on a flat road to the first undervoltage protection. Note that we especially emphasize the first undervoltage protection. After the battery is under voltage protection for the first time, after a period of time, the voltage of the battery will rise and return to a non-undervoltage state. At this time, if the battery is used again, it will be very harmful to the battery. After the complete discharge, the battery is fully charged. You will feel that the battery capacity has improved. 6. Develop some good habits to save electricity. Use taxi as much as possible. When going downhill, take advantage of the advance power off and coast down as much as possible.When you are about to encounter a traffic light, enter (Forward) and taxi in advance to minimizebrake. A friend told me that he would rather turn the bay one more time and reduce the brakes one more time, which makes sense. When starting, it is best to add riding assistance, not only can increase the starting speed (Tempo), but also reduce battery power loss and life damage. 7. Pay attention to the charging environment. The best ambient temperature for charging is 25°C. At present, most chargers do not have an automatic control system that adapts to the ambient temperature, so most chargers are designed according to the ambient temperature of 25°C, so charging at 25°C is better. Otherwise, the problems of undercharging in winter and overcharging in summer will inevitably occur. When the ambient temperature is really 25°C, it is relatively low, so there must be a problem of overcharging in summer and undercharging in winter. Fortunately, most households now have the conditions for indoor temperature regulation. In this way, when charging, it is best to arrange the battery and charger in a ventilated and temperature-regulated environment. It is particularly reminded that when the battery is in the northern winter and enters a warm room at a low temperature outside, frost and condensation will appear on the surface of the battery. In order to avoid battery leakage caused by frost and condensation, the battery should be charged after the battery temperature rises to close to the indoor temperature and is dry. 8. Make full use of maintenance conditions. Many electric bicycle dealers can provide battery maintenance and repair services and should make full use of these services. Some brands of electric bicycles propose to overhaul the battery. For example, regular maintenance of the battery can reduce the damage to the battery. Repairing the state of charge of the battery can alleviate the "battery backward" failure, which is easy for dealers equipped with repair capabilities. For water loss, the effect of replenishing water when the battery capacity is 70% is better than when the battery capacity is 40%. Even some brands of products also propose that if the battery is not overhauled at the specified time, it is equivalent to giving up the battery warranty. Make consumers suffer losses that should not have occurred. Therefore, consumers should make full use of the battery overhaul conditions to extend and increase the service life of the battery. Through these methods, users can greatly extend the service life of the battery. Some users have relatively short continuation mileage, battery life is relatively long, and some problems are relatively difficult to find. Therefore, the "deep discharge" measures mentioned in Article 4 are also an effective way to discover battery problems in time. Don't wait for the battery problems to be difficult to deal with. A dealer asks: What is the working principle of lead-acid batteries? Answer: Lead-acid battery is one of the most widely used batteries. It uses spongy lead as the negative electrode and lead dioxide as the positive electrode. We call these two substances the active material, and the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is used as the electrolyte. The electrochemical reaction of the battery. The chemical reaction principle of lead-acid batteries is as follows: Negative reaction: Pb+HSO4- PbSO4+H++2e Positive reaction: PbO2+2e+HSO4-+3H+ PbSO4+2H2O Electrode reaction: PbO 2 +2 H+ +2HSO 4- +Pb 2Pb 2 SO 4 +2 H 2 O Charge state and discharge state From the above reaction principle, it can be seen that during discharge, both the positive and negative materials react with the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte to produce lead sulfate, so it is called the "double sulfation reaction". Under normal conditions, the resulting lead sulfate has a loose structure, and its crystals are very small, and its electrochemical activity is very high. This highly active lead sulfate can regenerate the positive lead dioxide and the negative electrode under the action of electric current during charging. Of spongy lead. Through this stable and reversible process, the battery realizes the functions of storing and releasing electric energy. Mr. Li asked: What are the causes and hazards of sulfation of lead-acid batteries? Answer: Lead sulfate is highly active for a period of time after it is formed. If it is not charged in time or is not fully charged during this period of time, so that it has not been converted into positive and negative active materials in time, lead sulfate will restart when the temperature is low. The crystals precipitate on the crystalline lead sulfate. Repeatedly this time and again, the crystalline particles continue to grow and become lead sulfate crystals that have poor conductivity, are difficult to dissolve, and are difficult to recover during charging, which is commonly referred to as irreversible salinization ( The salinization mentioned in this manual refers to this kind of salinization). There are many reasons for battery failure, such as fatal corrosion of the electrode grid, severe deformation of the electrode grid, shedding of the electrode active material, internal short circuit or open circuit of the battery, and other physical and chemical reasons. However, statistics show that most battery failures are caused by It is caused by irreversible sulfation of the electrode active material. This kind of salt is difficult to restore to lead dioxide and spongy lead during charging, which is very harmful to the battery: its formation consumes active materials and reduces the effective capacity of the battery. This will cause the battery to be scrapped for a long time; not only it It is difficult to recover when charging, and it will block the gap of the porous electrode, hinder the passage of electrolyte, and increase the internal resistance; more heat is generated during charging and discharging, and the temperature of the battery rises, which will increase the corrosion and deformation of the electrode plate and cause the active material to fall off Cause the battery to be structurally scrapped; reduce the charging efficiency and prolong the charging time, resulting in waste of time and energy; cause more serious electrolysis of water, and the battery is easy to lose water and dry up; due to the reduced capacity, the output power is insufficient, in order to maintain a certain output It can only increase the depth of discharge, which will cause sulfation to become more serious and form a vicious circle; due to the consumption of sulfuric acid, the density of the electrolyte will decrease, the high current discharge capability will decrease, and the performance will decrease. The main reasons for the formation of irreversible sulfation during battery use include: frequent deep discharge and over-discharge, failure to charge in time or insufficient charge; in the state of loss of power, the battery is stored for a long time if it is not used for a long time; the battery performance in the battery pack is inconsistent, There are lagging batteries that are too different; the performance is that the capacity of one battery in the battery pack is significantly lower than that of the other batteries, causing the voltage of the entire battery pack to drop. When discharging, the backward battery is first emptied to form over-discharge, which leads to further intensification of sulfation, which makes the backwardness more serious and forms a vicious circle; the electrolyte density is too high; the battery environment temperature changes.
