1.External lighting
Common exterior lights include: headlights, fog lights, license plate lights, reversing lights, brake lights, turn signals, position lights, position lights, parking lights and warning lights, as shown in Figure 6-1. The light colors of external lamps are generally white, orange and red; vehicles that perform special tasks, such as fire trucks, police cars, ambulances, and emergency repair vehicles, use red, yellow or blue flashing warning lights with priority to pass. Motor vehicles should participate in safety inspections and comprehensive inspections on time to ensure that the external lighting is complete and effective.
(1)Headlamp Commonly known as "headlights", they are installed on both sides of the car's head to illuminate the road in front of the car. There are two-lamp system and four-lamp system. When the four-lamp headlamps are installed side by side, the one installed on the outside corresponds to the double-beam lamp of the near and high beam; the one installed on the inside corresponds to the single-beam lamp of the high beam. The high beam is generally 40-60W, and the low beam is generally 35-55W.
(2)Fog lights Install on the head or tail of the car. In fog, snow, heavy rain or dust, etc., it is used to improve the lighting of the road in front of the vehicle. The power of the front fog lamp is 45-55 W, and the light color is orange-yellow. The power of the rear fog lamp is 21W or 6W, and the light color is red to warn trailing vehicles to maintain a safe distance.
(3)License Plate Light It is installed above or on the left and right sides of the license plate at the rear of the car to illuminate the rear license plate. The power is generally 5-10W to ensure that pedestrians can see the words and numbers on the license plate 20m behind the car.
(4)Reversing lights Installed at the rear of the car, when the transmission is in reverse gear, it will automatically light up to illuminate the rear side of the car and warn pedestrians in the rear to pay attention to safety. The power is generally 20-25 W, and the light color is white.
(5)Brake light Commonly known as "brake light". Installed at the rear of the car. When the brake pedal is stepped on, a strong red light is emitted to indicate braking. The power is 20-25W, the light color is red, and the display area of the lampshade is smaller than the rear position indicator lights. In order to avoid the danger of a collision with the car following a large car, the rear window of the car can be equipped with high-position brake lights displayed in rows by light-emitting diodes.
(6)Turn signal The main turn signals are generally installed on the left and right sides of the head and tail of the car to indicate the driving direction of the vehicle. A side turn signal is installed in the middle of the side of the car. The power of the main turn signal is generally 20-25 W, the side turn signal is 5 W, and the light color is stray color. When turning, the light flashes, and the frequency is set to 1. sic. 5 HZ, starting time is not more than 1.5 s. When other vehicles need to pay attention to avoidance in an emergency distress situation, all the turn signals can be switched on and flashed at the same time through the hazard warning light switch.
(7)Position indicator It is also called "width indicator light" and "position light". It is installed on the front, back and side of the car. When driving at night, when the headlight is connected, the position indicator light, instrument lighting light and license plate light will light up at the same time to mark the shape and position of the vehicle. Wait. The power is generally 5-20W. The front position lamp is commonly called "small light", and the light color is white or yellow, the rear position lamp is commonly called "tail light", and the light color is red; the side position light is amber.
(8)Marker lights Commonly known as "corner beacon lights", vehicles with an unladen vehicle height of more than 3 m should be equipped with marker lights to mark the outline of the vehicle. The power of the position lamp is generally 5W.
(9)Parking lights It is installed on both sides of the front and rear of the car. It is required that the light signal can be confirmed 150 m away from the front and the rear of the car. When parking at night, turn on the parking lights to mark the shape of the vehicle.
(10)Warning Light It is usually installed on the top of the car to indicate the special type of the vehicle. The power is generally 40-45 W. Fire trucks and police cars are red, ambulances are blue, and the rotation speed is 2 to 6 times per second; buses and taxis are white and yellow. The empty taxi indicator light is installed on the instrument panel, the power is 5-15 W, and the light color is red background and white characters.
2.Internal lighting
Common internal lights include ceiling lights, reading lights, luggage compartment lights, door lights, step lights, instrument lights, work lights, dashboard warning lights, etc., as shown in Figure 6-2.
(1)dome light Cars and trucks generally have only one ceiling light, which can not only be used as interior lighting, but also can monitor whether the door is reliably closed. In the state of monitoring the doors, as long as there are still doors that are not reliably closed, the top light will be on. The power is generally 5-15 W, and there is a trend for bus ceiling lights to develop into fluorescent lights.
(2)reading light Installed on the front or top of the passenger seat, the occupant will not dazzle the driver when reading the book when the light is concentrated, the lighting range is small, and some have an optical axis direction adjustment mechanism.
(3)Luggage compartment lights It is installed in the luggage compartment of a car or passenger car. When the luggage compartment lid is opened, the light automatically lights up to illuminate the space in the luggage compartment. The power is 5W.
(4)Door light It is installed at the bottom of the inner side of a car's outward-spanning door. When the door is opened, the door light will light up to notify pedestrians and vehicles to avoid later. The power is 5W, and the light color is red.
(5)Step light Installed on the steps inside the passenger door of large and medium-sized passenger cars. When the passenger door is opened at night, the pedals are illuminated.
(6)Instrument lighting It is installed on the back of the instrument panel to illuminate the pointer and scale board of the instrument. The power is 2W. The instrument lighting lamp is generally connected in parallel with the position indicator lamp and the license plate lamp. The luminous intensity of some car instrument lights can be adjusted.
(7)Alarm and indicator light Common organic oil pressure warning lights, high water temperature warning lights, charging indicators, turn indicators, high beam indicators, etc. The warning lights are generally red or yellow, and the indicator lights are generally green or blue.
(8)working lampIt is a vehicle-mounted low-voltage lighting tool that can be used in vehicle maintenance. The power source comes from a car generator or battery.The power is generally 21W, often with hooks or clamps, and the plug is a smoker type and two-post plug type.
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