Spark plugkind of
Different classification methods can be divided into different categories. According to the calorific value, there are cold type and hot type; according to the electrode material, there are nickel alloy, silver alloy and platinum alloy, etc.; if you are more professional, the types of spark plugs are generally as follows:
1. Quasi-type spark plug: Its insulator skirt is slightly retracted into the end face of the shell, and the side electrode is outside the end face of the shell. It is the most widely used one.
2. Edge protruding spark plug: The insulator skirt is longer, protruding beyond the end surface of the shell. It has the advantages of large heat absorption and good pollution resistance, and can be directly cooled by the intake air to reduce the temperature, so it is not easy to cause hot ignition, so the thermal adaptation range is wide.
3. Electrode-type spark plug: Its electrode is very thin, it is characterized by strong sparks and good ignition ability. It can ensure the engine to start quickly and reliably even in severe cold seasons. It has a wide heat range and can meet a variety of purposes.
4. Seat-type spark plug: Its shell and screw thread are made into a tapered shape, so a good seal can be maintained without a gasket, which reduces the size of the spark plug and is more beneficial to the design of the engine.
5. Polar type spark plugs: There are generally two or more side electrodes. The advantage is reliable ignition and the gap does not need to be adjusted frequently. Therefore, it is often used on some gasoline engines where the electrode is easy to ablate and the spark plug gap cannot be adjusted frequently.
6. Surface flashover spark plug: it is the surface gap type. It is the coldest spark plug. The gap between the center electrode and the end surface of the shell is concentric.
In addition, in order to suppresscarIgnition systemInterference to the radio, again producedresistanceType and shielded spark plugs. The resistance spark plug is equipped with a resistance of 5-10kΩ in the spark plug, and the shielded spark plug uses a metal shell to shield and seal the entire spark plug. Shielded spark plugs can not only prevent radio interference, but also can be used in waterproof and explosion-proof occasions.
Commercially available foreign spark plug brands
A. Bosch (Bosch), produced by the German Bosch company in Huade, Nanjing, is mainly used in German series cars;
B. NGK, mainly used in Japanese cars (Toyota, etc.);
C, ND or Denso, produced by Denso Corporation, mainly used in Japanese cars;
D. Champion (Champion), American Champion Company authorized production in Guangzhou;
E. AC, produced by General Motors of the United States, mainly used in General Motors of the United States;
F. Other brands include: Autolite (U.S. Outletto), Eyquem (France), etc.
There are also more domestic spark plug brands. In general, the more famous brand manufacturers in the market generally have better quality performance and longer service life, of course, the price is definitely higher.
According to data, the number of cars in Beijing is about 2.5 million, and nearly 10 million spark plugs need to be replaced every year. Based on the average retail price of ordinary spark plugs in the factory at 20 yuan, the annual consumption is nearly 200 million yuan.
Spark plug function:
The spark plug is installed on the side of the engine. The function of the spark plug is to generate an electric arc at the electrode of the spark plug, ignite the air and fuel mixture, and play an important role in ensuring the performance of the engine.
Spark plug structure:
It is composed of center electrode, wire column core, ceramic insulator, conductive glass, etc.
The automobile spark plugs circulating in the market are divided into brands:
The main foreign brands are:
Denso, produced by Denso Corporation, is mainly used in Japanese automobiles and automobiles of major automobile manufacturers in the world, with a market share of nearly 20%;
Bosch, a German company Bosch, is mainly used in German series cars, with a market share of about 40%;
NGK, mainly used in Japanese cars (Nissan, etc.), has a market share of about 20%;
Champion, the American champion company, has a market share of about 10%;
AC Delco, produced by AC Delco, is mainly used in automobiles of General Motors in the United States;
Other brands include: Autolite, American Outletto, Eyquem, France Ekang, etc.
Others account for about 5%, a total of more than ten species.
There are dozens of domestic spark plug brands including Zhuzhou Torch and Thunder, most of which are ordinary spark plugs.
The car spark plug is divided into the price:
The production cost of ordinary spark plugs is generally about 10 yuan each, and the market price is generally about 15 40 yuan; the retail price of platinum spark plugs is generally about 60 yuan; and the dual platinum spark plug is about 100 yuan. Iridium alloy spark plugs are generally between fifty and sixty yuan and more than 100 yuan. Denso's new iridium alloy spark plug is around 120 130 yuan.
When choosing a spark plug, you must pay attention to the dimensions:
The external dimensions of spark plugs are mainly divided into thread diameter, length, and hexagonal size. The external dimensions of spark plugs must be the same as the original thread diameter and length. Sometimes the diameter of the spark plug thread is the same, but the length is not the same.
When replacing the spark plug, pay attention to whether the calorific value matches:
If the heating value is too low, it will cause deflagration and burn the ceramic of the spark plug head. Broken ceramics are dangerous to fall into the engine and the electrode is easy to dissolve. Fire; the calorific value of the spark plug represents the speed of heat dissipation.
You can ask the merchant for a "calorific value exchange table", the same model, different brands of spark plugs have different calorific values. Don't blindly pursue high calorific value when refitting a car. The high calorific value power will be improved, but it will be more harmful to the engine.
Spark plugs have economic life and limit life:
Car owners often ignore the replacement time of spark plugs, thinking that they can still use or buy low-priced and inferior spark plugs. Actually inferior spark plugs have a greater impact on the life of the car’s engine, overall performance and fuel consumption. It is understood that the economic life of a spark plug refers to the car The overall performance and fuel consumption are maintained at the number of kilometers used by the spark plug when the ignition performance of the spark plug is good; the limit life refers to the number of kilometers used when the spark plug fails to ignite.
How to judge whether the spark plug is working normally:
1. A normal spark plug should have a clean surface, and the color should be brown, yellow, yellow-white.
2. The black surface of the spark plug indicates that there is carbon deposits or oil stains. It may be that the oil and gas mixture is too thick, the power supply system is poor, the air filter is dirty, or the heat value of the spark plug is wrong, etc. It needs to be cleaned or replaced.
3. There are ablation spots on the surface of the spark plug, and the color is white-gray, indicating that there is a problem.
Improvements in ignition structure of foreign spark plugs:
In order to overcome the barrier of the side electrode of the traditional spark plug to the spark, foreign spark plug manufacturers have tried to modify the traditional side electrode spark plug, such as opening a V-shaped groove on the center electrode or making the side electrode into a U shape (such as Japanese DENSO spark plugs) , In order to improve the ignition intensity.
If the ignition performance of the spark plug is not good, the engine will be difficult to start, lack of power, incomplete combustion of oil and gas, high fuel consumption, and exhaust gas, which will affect the life of the engine.
Spark plug
The spark plug is a very interesting part. I have seen it with my own eyes and tried different spark plugs.
The same car, the result of the throttle response is completely different,exhaust pipeThe exhaust gas emitted is also obviously different, so
I suggest that you use the spark plug of the original car as the best choice, unless your car has been greatly modified, otherwise
The original car should be an optimized match! At least it is cheap and can eliminate many unnecessary problems in the car. This time, I have some experience dealing with my own and colleagues' cars! Summarized as follows:
1. Use engine oil/transmission oil well
2.Water tankThe air is really clean
3. The negative pole of the car is really well grounded
Function and role of automobile spark plug
All gasoline engines have spark plugs, one for each cylinder, and individual high-speed gasoline engines are also equipped with two spark plugs per cylinder. Although the spark plug is only a small part, it is extremely important. Without it, the engine will not move. Anyone who drives a lot will be familiar with this thing.
The role of the spark plug is toIgnition coilsThe generated high-voltage electricity (above 10,000 volts) is introduced into the engine cylinder, and sparks are generated between the gaps of the spark plug electrodes to ignite the mixture. The working environment of the spark plug is extremely harsh. Take the spark plug of an ordinary four-stroke gasoline engine as an example. During the intake stroke, the temperature is only 60°C and the pressure is 90KPa; and during ignition and combustion, the temperature will instantly rise to 3000°C and the pressure will reach 4000KPa; The alternating frequency of this kind of rapid cold and rapid heat is very high, which cannot be handled by ordinary materials, and insulation performance must be ensured. Therefore, the material requirements for spark plugs are also very strict.
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The spark plug is very small, you can hold several in one pocket, but its structure is not simple. It has two major components: an insulator and a metal shell: the metal shell is threaded for screwing into the cylinder; the shell is equipped with an insulator, which penetrates a center electrode, and there is a terminal nut on the upper end of the center electrode. The high-voltage wire coming from the distribution board; there is a ground electrode welded on the lower end of the shell, and there is a gap of 0.6-1.0 mm between the center electrode and the ground electrode. The high-voltage electricity through this gap will burst into the ground and it will emit sparks to ignite the mixture. .
The key part of the spark plug is the insulator. If the insulator does not work, the high voltage will "copy the path" without entering the ground through the two poles, resulting in no spark. The insulator of the spark plug must have good mechanical properties, high voltage resistance, high temperature resistance, and chemical resistance. Ordinary spark plugs are mostly made of alumina-based ceramics. The size of spark plugs is uniform all over the world and can be used in any car. However, due to differences in gasoline engine types, spark plugs are divided into two basic types, cold type and hot type. The cold type and the hot type are relative terms, which reflect the thermal characteristics of the spark plug. The spark plug must have a proper temperature to work well, and to work properly without carbon deposits. Practice has proved that when the insulator of the spark plug is maintained at a temperature of 500-600℃, the oil droplets falling on the insulator can be burned off immediately without forming carbon deposits. Above this temperature, it will burn prematurely, and below this temperature will cause carbon deposits. The temperature on different engines will be different, the designer uses the length of the insulator skirt to solve this contradiction. Some skirts have short heat-receiving area and fast heat dissipation, so the skirt temperature is lower, called cold spark plugs, which are suitable for high-speed and high-compression high-power engines; some slender skirts have large heating areas and slow heat dissipation, so the skirts Higher temperature, called hot spark plug, suitable for low-to-medium speed and low compression ratio low-power engines. What kind of spark plugs you use for your car should be selected according to the manufacturer's specifications. Not all spark plugs are suitable.
The spark plug looks simple and not easy to make. It has very high requirements for materials and manufacturing processes. Due to the very harsh working environment, spark plug insulator breakdown and electrode coke failure often occur, so it is a "vulnerable part" "Many drivers always keep spark plugs in their toolboxes so they can be replaced at any time. Of course, with the development of technology, the durability of spark plugs has also improved. The electrode material uses platinum alloy to replace the traditional copper-nickel alloy, which extends the service life of spark plugs. The spark plugs of modern cars generally have a mileage of about 150,000 kilometers. .
There are many factors to consider when choosing a spark plug, such as engine model, cooling method, number of strokes, fuel label, ambient temperature and common operating conditions. Generally, the spark plug model has been determined when the motorcycle and automobile leave the factory. When the installation size is consistent, the user can choose the calorific value of the spark plug according to the ambient temperature, road conditions, and the new and old machines. For example, the calorific value model generally adopted under the standard conditions of domestic spark plugs is 5 (Japan NGK is 7.8). When the temperature is lower than 5°C, a spark plug with a calorific value one level lower should be selected to ensure the working temperature of the spark plug skirt. For old engines, the use of spark plugs with a lower calorific value can resist the pollution of spark plugs caused by oil blow-by due to mechanical wear. The three-side pole and four-side pole in the Meiya brand of our factory are in a leading position in China and are the best choice to replace imports. The company's product sales network covers major cities across the country, and is exported to Southeast Asia, the Middle East, South America, Indonesia and other places. Favored by customers at home and abroad. Here, our company would like to express our heartfelt thanks to colleagues and friends from all walks of life who have supported and helped us! And eager for more colleagues and friends to come to negotiate to form our common friendship! The spark plug is the terminal of the ignition system of motorcycles and automobiles. Its function is to introduce the high-voltage electricity generated by the ignition coil into the combustion chamber of the engine, and then form a spark in the electrode gap to ignite the combustible mixture in the cylinder. Engine performance and spark energy It is closely related to the time of fire.
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When should the car change the spark plug
When should I change spark plugs in a car? Normally, the service life of spark plugs is 15,000 kilometers, and the service life of long-lasting spark plugs does not exceed 30,000 kilometers. However, many car owners' spark plugs often have problems of this kind, and they cannot reach their normal service life. In fact, the working temperature of spark plugs is quite high. When the engine is running normally, the temperature of the spark plug insulator skirt is generally maintained between 500 and 600 degrees Celsius. The temperature is too high or too low to affect the spark plug badly. When the temperature of the spark plug is too low, the insulator on the spark plug is easy to deposit carbon, which will eventually cause leakage and cause misfire. If the working temperature of the spark plug is too high, it is easy to cause pre-ignition and engine knock. Common faults of spark plugs can be summarized into two types: one is severe ablation of the spark plug, and the other is that the spark plug has deposits. Spark plug ablation When the car owner finds that the top of the spark plug is scarred or damaged, the electrode is melted, or ablated, it all indicates that the spark plug has been destroyed, and the spark plug should be replaced at this time. During the replacement process, the owner can check the symptoms of spark plug ablation and color changes. Symptom 1: The electrode melts and the insulator is white. Diagnosis: This phenomenon indicates that the temperature in the combustion chamber is too high.This may be due to excessive carbon deposits in the combustion chamber, resulting inValveThe clearance is too small, which will further cause the exhaust valve to overheat or the cooling device to work badly. When the spark plug is not tightened according to the specified torque, the electrode will melt and the insulator will appear white. Symptom 2: The electrode becomes round and the insulator is scarred. Diagnosis: This indicates that the engine is pre-ignition, which may be caused by premature ignition time, low gasoline octane number, and high spark plug heating value. Symptom 3: Fracture of the top of the insulator Diagnosis: Generally speaking, knocking combustion is the main reason for the crack of the insulator. Premature ignition time, low gasoline octane number, and high temperature in the combustion chamber may all cause the engine to knock and burn. Symptom 4: There are gray-black stripes on the top of the insulator. Diagnosis: The appearance of this kind of stripes indicates that the spark plug has leaked, and the owner needs to replace it with a new one unconditionally.
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