There are two types of brake systems, disc brakes and drum brakes. Disc brakes can be divided into disc brakes and ventilated disc brakes. Disc brakes, disc brakes, and friction disc brakes can all be classified as disc brakes.
The mode of action of disc brakes is similar to that of ordinary bicycles—the brake pads on the calipers and the brake discs linked to the wheels interact during braking until the wheels stop rotating. The ventilating disc is perforated in the brake disc, using the natural wind brought by driving to help dissipate heat. The function of the drum brake is similar to that of a bicycle's "brake brake"-the basin-shaped brake drum is connected to the wheel, and the half-moon-shaped brake pad is lifted up under the action of the connecting rod to stop the wheel.
Disc brakes can be easily matched with the ABS system and are used more on mid-to-high-end cars; while drum brakes have lower cost and higher absolute braking force, and are more often used on the rear wheels of small cars.
Advantages of drum brakes
1. Self-brake function: Drum brake has a good self-brake effect. Because the brake is used to stretch the film, the wheel rotates and the brake drum twists at an angle (of course it will not be so big that you can easily see it) The greater the external tension (brake braking force) of the brake, the more obvious the situation. Therefore, generally large vehicles still use drum brakes. In addition to the lower cost, the difference between the drum brakes of large vehicles and small vehicles may only be large. Pneumatic assist is used, while small cars use vacuum assist to help brakes.
2. Lower cost: Drum brakes have a lower manufacturing technology level and are the first to be used in brake systems, so the manufacturing cost is lower than that of disc brakes.
Disadvantages of drum brakes
Due to the drum brakes, the pads are sealed in the brake drum, causing the brakes to prevent the debris from the wear of the pads from being dispersed, which affects the contact surface of the brake drum and the pads and affects the braking performance.
Advantages of disc brakes
Since the brake system is not sealed, the fine debris from brake wear will not be deposited on the brake. The centrifugal force of the disc brake can throw out all water, dust and other pollution to maintain a certain degree of cleanliness.In addition, because the disc brake parts are independent, it is easier to repair than drum brakes.
Disadvantages of disc brakes
In addition to the higher cost, disc brakes are basically better than drum brakes. However, this alone is a fatal injury. Everyone loves money. Unless you are very rich, you basically buy things first. Money should be considered first, don't you think? Disc brakes are also called disc brakes. As the name suggests, it is named after its shape. It is controlled by hydraulic pressure, and its main components are brake disc, sub-cylinder, brake caliper, oil pipe, etc. The brake disc is made of alloy steel and fixed on the wheel, and rotates with the wheel. The sub-cylinder is fixed on the bottom plate of the brake. The two friction plates on the brake caliper are respectively installed on both sides of the brake disc. The piston of the sub-cylinder is actuated by the hydraulic pressure from the oil pipe to push the friction plate against the brake disc to cause friction braking. It acts as if it is clamped with a pliers to force it to stop. This kind of brake has fast heat dissipation, light weight, simple structure and convenient adjustment. In particular, the high temperature resistance performance is good under high load, the braking effect is stable, and it is not afraid of muddy water invasion. In winter and bad road conditions, disc brakes are easier to stop the car in a shorter time than drum brakes. Some disc brakes have many small holes on the brake discs to accelerate ventilation and heat dissipation to improve braking efficiency. On the other hand, drum brakes, due to poor heat dissipation performance, will accumulate a lot of heat during braking. Brake shoes and wheel drums are more prone to extremely complex deformations under the influence of high temperature, which are prone to brake recession and vibration, which will cause the brake efficiency to drop. Of course, disc brakes also have their own shortcomings. For example, the manufacturing requirements for brakes and brake pipes are relatively high, the friction lining wears a lot, and the cost is high. Moreover, due to the small area of the friction lining, the relative frictional working surface is also small, and the brake hydraulic pressure required is high. It can only be used on vehicles with booster devices, so it can only be used on light vehicles. The drum brake is relatively inexpensive and economical.
Therefore, from the perspective of economy and practicality, car designers generally adopt a hybrid form of front-wheel disc brakes and rear-wheel drum brakes. In the braking process of a four-wheeled car, due to the effect of inertia, the load of the front wheels usually accounts for 70%-80% of the total load of the car, so the front wheel braking force is greater than the rear wheel. In order to save costs, car manufacturers use front-wheel disc brakes and rear-wheel drum brakes. For mid- and high-end cars with four-wheel disc brakes, the front-wheel ventilated disc brakes are used for better heat dissipation. The use of non-ventilated discs on the rear wheels is also a cost factor. After all, the ventilated disc manufacturing process is much more complicated, and the price is relatively expensive. With the development of material science and the reduction of cost, in the field of cars, disc brakes have a tendency to gradually replace drum brakes.
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