"CarDrive axleThe article on the “locking mechanism” talks about the basic principle of a differential with automatic locking function. In practical applications, this locking mechanism is also called a differential lock. When a driving wheel slips, use the differential Lock willDifferential caseWithHalf shaftIt is locked into one body, so that the differential loses its differential function and can transfer all the torque to the driving wheel on the other side.
Differential locks have various forms, the common ones are friction plate type and cone type.
The friction plate differential is equipped with coil springs and friction plates on the back of the side gears on both sides. The friction plate is divided into the driving plate and the driven plate, which are double-sided steel plates with internal splines.The driving plate is a steel plate without friction lining. Its outer edge has lugs inserted into the differential housing, so it is locked on the housing; the driven plate has friction linings, and its internal splines are connected to the side gears. Key is connected, the driven piece is inserted between the active piece at intervals to form a kind ofClutchNature of friction plate components.
The spring maintains a certain pressure on the half shaft gear and the friction plate assembly, and compresses the friction plate so as to transmit the torque to the half shaft through the friction plate assembly.When the car is driving in a straight line, there is no semi-axle on both sidesSpeedIf the difference is poor, the driving piece and the driven piece remain combined, and the torque transmitted to the differential is divided equally between the half shafts on both sides. When the car turns or one wheel slips causing the left and right half shafts to rotate at different speeds, one half shaft is higher than the speed of the differential case, and the other half shaft is lower than the speed of the differential case, so there is a problem between the driving plate and the driven plate. Slippage produces friction torque, the magnitude of which is proportional to the driving torque of the differential. On the side of the fast-turning half-shaft, the friction torque is opposite to the driving torque, which reduces the torque transmission; on the side of the slow-turning half-shaft, the friction torque is in the same direction as the driving torque, and the driving torque is increased.
The other form is a conical differential, which uses conical friction elements to lock the side gears to the differential housing. The two cones are located between the side gears and the housing, using splines to interact with the side gears.Wheel hubConnected. The surface friction coefficient of the cone is large enough to hold the shell, and there is a spring to keep the pressure on the cone. Its working principle is the same as that of a friction plate differential.
The maximum multiple K of the possible difference between the torques of the half shafts on both sides is called the locking coefficient of the differential, which has a direct impact on the running performance of the car. The effect of the differential lock is determined by the locking coefficient. The typical locking coefficient for passenger cars is 25%-40%. The locking effect increases with the increase of input torque and torque difference (self-locking device). Modern differential locks also adopt electronic control to adapt to changing conditions. For example, the locking coefficient is higher when starting, and the locking coefficient is reduced as the vehicle speed increases or approaches the traction limit.Some cars are equipped with non-slipSensorConnected to the differential hub housing to provide additional non-slip protection during braking.
Che Huitong
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