What is a car differential[汽车基础知识]

Drive axleIf the driving wheels on both sides are rigidly connected by a whole shaft, the two wheels can only rotate at the same angular velocity.In this way, whencarWhen steering, because the outer wheels move more than the inner wheels, the outer wheels will have slip while rolling, and the inner wheels will slip while rolling.Even if the car is driving in a straight line, the road will be uneven or even though the road is straight,tireUnequal rolling radius (tireManufacturing errors, different wear, uneven load or unequal air pressure) cause the wheels to slip.

Sliding wheels not only aggravate tire wear, increase power and fuel consumption, but also make it difficult to turn the car and worsen braking performance. In order to prevent the wheels from sliding as much as possible, the structure must ensure that each vehicle can rotate at different angular speeds.Usually the driven wheel is supported on the spindle with bearings so that it can rotate at any angular speed, and the driving wheel is connected to the twoHalf shaftRigid connection, with a differential installed between the two half shafts. This differential is also called an inter-wheel differential.

In multi-axis driving off-road vehicles, in order to enable each drive axle to rotate at different angular speeds to eliminate the slippage of the drive wheels on each bridge, some are equipped with an inter-axle differential between the two drive axles.

Differentials on modern cars are usually divided into gear differentials and anti-skid differentials according to their working characteristics.

Gear type differential when the left and right driving wheels existRotating speedIn the case of difference, the torque distributed by the differential to the slow-turning drive wheels is greater than the torque of the fast-turning drive wheels. The torque averaging characteristic of this differential can satisfy the normal driving of the car on a good road. But when the car is driving on a bad road, it seriously affects the passing ability. For example, when one driving wheel of a car is stuck on a muddy road, although the other driving wheel is on a good road, the car often cannot move forward (commonly known as skidding). At this time, the driving wheel on the muddy road slipped in place, but the wheel on a good road was still. This is because the adhesion force between the wheels on the muddy road and the road is small, and the road can only exert a small reaction moment on the axle through this wheel, so the torque distributed by the differential to this wheel is also small. Although the adhesion between the other driving wheel and the good road surface is relatively large, due to the characteristics of evenly distributed torque, this driving wheel can only be divided into the same amount of torque as the slip driving wheel, so that the driving force is not enough. Overcoming the driving resistance, the car cannot move forward, and the power is consumed on the slip driving wheels. At this time, increasing the throttle will not only cause the car to move forward, it will waste fuel and accelerate the wear of parts, especially tire wear. The effective solution is to dig out the thin mud under the slip driving wheel or put dry soil, gravel, branches, hay, etc. under this wheel.

In order to improve the car's ability to pass on bad roads, some off-road vehicles and high-end cars are equipped with anti-skid differentials. The feature of the anti-slip differential is that when one side of the driving wheel slips on a bad road, most or all of the torque can be transmitted to the driving wheel on a good road, so as to make full use of the adhesion of the driving wheel to produce Sufficient driving force to make the car start smoothly or continue driving.

·How to solve the problem of sudden "destruction of the car" while on the move[汽车维修知识]
·Car modificationYou have to think twice before doing bad modification is to destroy the car
·car engineThrottleWhat to do if opening and closing are not flexible[汽车修理常识]
· Poor acceleration, firing backfire,exhaust pipeCauses of failure such as black smoke[汽车修理常识]
·Originally made in JapanMazdaABSdecoding[汽车修理知识]
·Causes and solutions for low engine oil pressure[汽车修理知识]
·Analysis of three typical failures of EFI engine[汽车修理知识]
·Is buying full insurance equivalent to putting my car in the safe?[汽车保险知识]